@InProceedings{	  ekart:1999:ccggpm,
  author	= "Aniko Ekart",
  title		= "Controlling Code Growth in Genetic Programming by
		  Mutation",
  booktitle	= "Late-Breaking Papers of EuroGP-99",
  year		= "1999",
  editor	= "W. B. Langdon and Riccardo Poli and Peter Nordin and Terry
		  Fogarty",
  pages		= "3--12",
  address	= "Goteborg, Sweeden",
  month		= "26-27 "  # may,
  organisation	= "EvoGP",
  keywords	= "genetic algorithms, genetic programming",
  abstract	= "In the paper a method that moderate code growth in genetic
		  programming is presented. The addressed problem is symbolic
		  regression. A special mutation operator is used for the
		  simplification of programs. If every individual program in
		  each generation is simplified, then performance of the
		  genetic programming system is worsened. But if
		  simplification is applied as a mutation operator, more
		  compact solutions of the same or better accuracy can be
		  obtained",
  notes		= "EuroGP'99LB part of langdon:1999:egplb"
}

@InProceedings{	  gilbert:1999:,
  author	= "Richard J. Gilbert and Helen E. Johnson and Michael K.
		  Winson and Jem J. Rowland and Royston Goodacre and Aileen
		  R. Smith and Michael A. Hall and and Douglas B. Kell",
  title		= "Genetic Programming as an Analytical Tool for Metabolome
		  Data",
  booktitle	= "Late-Breaking Papers of EuroGP-99",
  year		= "1999",
  editor	= "W. B. Langdon and Riccardo Poli and Peter Nordin and Terry
		  Fogarty",
  pages		= "23--33",
  address	= "Goteborg, Sweeden",
  month		= "26-27 "  # may,
  organisation	= "EvoGP",
  keywords	= "genetic algorithms, genetic programming",
  abstract	= "Genetic programming, in conjunction with advanced
		  analytical instruments, is a novel tool for the
		  investigation of complex biological systems at the
		  whole-tissue level.
		  
		  In this study, samples from tomato fruit grown
		  hydroponically under both high- and low-salt conditions
		  were analysed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
		  (FTIR), with the aim of identifying spectral and
		  biochemical features linked to salinity in the growth
		  environment.
		  
		  FTIR spectra are not amenable to direct visual analysis, so
		  supervised machine learning was used to generate models
		  capable of classifying the samples based on their spectral
		  characteristics. The genetic programming (GP) method was
		  chosen, since it has previously been shown to perform with
		  the same accuracy as conventional data modelling methods,
		  but in a readily-interpretable form.
		  
		  Examination of the GP-derived models showed that there was
		  a small number of spectral regions that were consistently
		  being used. In particular, the spectral region containing
		  absorbances potentially due to a cyanide/nitrile functional
		  group was identified as discriminatory. The explanatory
		  power of the GP models enabled a chemical interpretation of
		  the biochemical differences to be proposed. The combination
		  of FTIR and GP is therefore a powerful and novel analytical
		  tool which, in this study, improves our understanding of
		  the biochemistry of salt tolerance in tomato plants.",
  notes		= "EuroGP'99LB part of langdon:1999:egplb"
}

@Proceedings{	  langdon:1999:egplb,
  title		= "Late-Breaking Papers of Euro{GP}-99",
  year		= "1999",
  editor	= "W. B. Langdon and Riccardo Poli and Peter Nordin and Terry
		  Fogarty",
  address	= "Goteborg, Sweeden",
  month		= "26-27 "  # may,
  organisation	= "EvoGP",
  keywords	= "genetic algorithms, genetic programming",
  url		= "http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~rmp/eebic/eurogp99/eurogp99_lbp.html"
		  ,
  size		= "33 pages",
  abstract	= "This booklet contains the late-breaking papers of the
		  Second European Workshop on Genetic Programming (EuroGP'99)
		  held in G{\"o}teborg Sweden 26--27~May~1999. EuroGP'99 was
		  one of the EvoNet workshops on evolutionary computing,
		  EvoWorkshops'99. The purpose of the late-breaking papers
		  was to provide attendees with information about research
		  that was initiated, enhanced, improved, or completed after
		  the original paper submission deadline in December 1998.
		  
		  To ensure coverage of the most up-to-date research, the
		  deadline for submission was set only a month before the
		  workshop. Late-breaking papers were examined for relevance
		  and quality by the organisers of the EuroGP'99, but no
		  formal review process took place.
		  
		  The 3 late-breaking papers in this booklet (which was
		  distributed at the workshop) were presented during a poster
		  session held on Thursday 27 May 1999 during EuroGP'99.
		  
		  Authors individually retain copyright (and all other
		  rights) to their late-breaking papers. This booklet will be
		  available as a technical report from Centrum voor Wiskunde
		  en Informatica, Kruislaan~413, NL-1098~SJ Amsterdam
		  http://www.cwi.nl/static/publications/reports/reports.html",
  notes		= "EuroGP'99LB"
}

@InProceedings{	  racine:1999:pcgpcs,
  author	= "Alain Racine and Sana Ben Hamida and Marc Schoenauer",
  title		= "Parametric Coding vs Genetic Programming: {A} Case Study",
  booktitle	= "Late-Breaking Papers of EuroGP-99",
  year		= "1999",
  editor	= "W. B. Langdon and Riccardo Poli and Peter Nordin and Terry
		  Fogarty",
  pages		= "13--22",
  address	= "Goteborg, Sweeden",
  month		= "26-27 "  # may,
  organisation	= "EvoGP",
  keywords	= "genetic algorithms, genetic programming,
		  evolutionstrategies",
  abstract	= "The goal is to design the 2-dimensional profile of an
		  optical lens in order to control focalplane irradiance of
		  some laser beam. The numerical simulations of irradiance of
		  the beam through the lens, including some technological
		  constraints on the correlation radius of the phase of the
		  lens, involves two FFT (fast Fourier transforms)
		  computations, whose computational cost heavily depends upon
		  the chosen discretization.
		  
		  A straightforward representation of a solution is that of a
		  matrix of thicknesses, based on a N by N (with N a power of
		  two) discretization of the lens. However, even though some
		  technical simplifications allow us to reduce the size of
		  the search space, its complexity increased quadratically
		  with N, making physically realistic cases (e.g. N >= 256)
		  almost untractable (more than 2000 variables). An
		  alternative representation is brought by GP parse trees,
		  searching in functional space: the genotype does not depend
		  anymore on the chosen discretization.
		  
		  The implementation of both parametric representation (using
		  ES algorithms) and functional approach (using standard GP)
		  for the lens design are described. Both achieve good
		  results compared to the sate-of-the-art methods for small
		  to medium values of the discretization parameter N (up to
		  256). Moreover, preliminary comparative results are
		  presented between the two representations, and some
		  counter-intuitive results are discussed.",
  notes		= "EuroGP'99LB part of langdon:1999:egplb"
}